What changed, RED II — Directive (EU) 2018/2001

+ The amount of aerothermal, geothermal or hydrothermal energy captured by heat pumps to be considered to be energy from renewable sources for the purposes of this Directive, E_RES, shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:E_RES = Q_usable * (1 – 1/SPF)where
+ 
+ **PART A: ACCOUNTING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM HEAT PUMPS USED FOR HEATING**
+ 
+ | — | Q_usable | = | the estimated total usable heat delivered by heat pumps fulfilling the criteria referred to in Article 7(4), implemented as follows: Only heat pumps for which SPF > 1,15 * 1/η shall be taken into account, |
+ | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+ | — | SPF | = | the estimated average seasonal performance factor for those heat pumps, |
+ | — | Η | = | the ratio between total gross production of electricity and the primary energy consumption for the production of electricity and shall be calculated as an EU average based on Eurostat data. |
+ 
+ **PART B: ACCOUNTING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY USED FOR COOLING**
+ 
+ When calculating renewable energy used for cooling the following definitions shall apply:
+ 
+ **1.DEFINITIONS**
+ 
+ (1) ‘cooling’ means the extraction of heat from an enclosed or indoor space (comfort application) or from a process in order to reduce the space or process temperature to, or maintain it at, a specified temperature (set point); for cooling systems, the extracted heat is rejected into and absorbed by…
+ 
+ (2) ‘cooling system’ means an assembly of components consisting of a heat extraction system, one or several cooling devices and a heat rejection system, complemented in the case of active cooling with a cooling medium in the form of fluid that work together to generate a specified heat transfer and,…
+ 
+ (3) ‘free cooling’ means a cooling system using a natural cold source to extract heat from the space or process to be cooled via fluid(s) transportation with pump(s) and/or fan(s) and which does not require the use of a cooling generator;
+ 
+ (4) ‘cooling generator’ means the part of a cooling system that generates a temperature difference allowing heat extraction from the space or process to be cooled, using a vapour compression cycle, a sorption cycle or driven by another thermodynamic cycle, used when the cold source is unavailable or…
+ 
+ (5) ‘active cooling’ means the removal of heat from a space or process, for which an energy input is needed to meet the cooling demand, used when the natural flow of energy is unavailable or insufficient and can occur with or without a cooling generator;
+ 
+ (6) ‘passive cooling’ means the removal of heat by the natural flow of energy through conduction, convection, radiation or mass transfer without the need for moving a cooling fluid to extract and reject heat or to generate a lower temperature with a cooling generator, including decreasing the need f…
+ 
+ (7) ‘ventilation’ means the natural or forced movement of air to introduce ambient air inside a space with the aim to ensure appropriate indoor air quality, including temperature;
+ 
+ (8) ‘comfort fan’ means a product that includes a fan and electric motor assembly to move air and provide summer comfort by increasing the air speed around human body giving a thermal feeling of coolness;
+ 
+ (9) ‘renewable energy quantity for cooling’ means the cooling supply that has been generated with a specified energy efficiency expressed as a Seasonal Performance Factor calculated in primary energy;
+ 
+ (10) ‘heat sink’ or ‘cold source’ means an external natural sink into which the heat extracted from the space or process is transferred; it can be ambient air, ambient water in the form of natural or artificial water bodies and geothermal formations beneath the surface of solid earth;
+ 
+ (11) ‘heat extraction system’ means a device that removes heat from the space or process to be cooled, such as an evaporator in a vapour compression cycle;
+ 
+ (12) ‘cooling device’ means a device designed to perform active cooling;
+ 
+ (13) ‘heat rejection system’ means the device where the final heat transfer from the cooling medium to the heat sink occurs, such as the air-to-refrigerant condenser in an air-cooled vapour compression cycle;
+ 
+ (14) ‘energy input’ means the energy needed to transport the fluid (free cooling), or the energy needed to transport the fluid and to drive the cooling generator (active cooling with a cooling generator);
+ 
+ (15) ‘district cooling’ means the distribution of thermal energy in the form of chilled liquids, from central or decentralised sources of production through a network to multiple buildings or sites, for the use of space or process cooling;
+ 
+ (16) ‘primary seasonal performance factor’ means a metric of the primary energy conversion efficiency of the cooling system;
+ 
+ (17) ‘equivalent full load hours’ means the number of hours a cooling system runs with full load to produce the amount of cooling that it actually produces during a year but at varying loads;
+ 
+ (18) ‘Cooling Degree Days’ means the climate values computed with a base of 18 °C used as input to determine equivalent full load hours.
+ 
+ Member States may exclude more categories of cooling systems from the calculation of the renewable energy used for cooling in order to preserve natural cold sources in specific geographic areas for environmental protection reasons. Examples are the protection of rivers or lakes from the risk of over…
+ 
+ **2.SCOPE**
+ 
+ 1. When calculating the amount of renewable energy used for cooling, Member States shall count active cooling, including district cooling, regardless of whether it is free cooling or a cooling generator is used.
+ 
+ 2. Member States shall not count: (a) passive cooling, although where ventilation air is used as a heat transport medium for cooling, the corresponding cooling supply, which can be supplied either by a cooling generator or by free cooling is part of renewable cooling calculation. b) the following te…
+ 
+ Only cooling systems operating above the minimum efficiency requirement expressed as primary Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF_p) in section 3.2, second paragraph shall be considered to produce renewable energy.
+ 
+ **3.METHODOLOGY FOR ACCOUNTING OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR INDIVIDUAL AND DISTRICT COOLING**
+ 
+ The renewable energy quantity for cooling (E_RES-C) shall be calculated with the following formula:[formula image: L_2022139EN.01000701.tif]where:[formula image: L_2022139EN.01000702.tif]is the amount of heat released to the ambient air, ambient water or to the ground by the cooling system;*E_INPUT*…
+ 
+ **3.1.Renewable energy quantity for cooling**
+ 
+ *S_SPF* is the share of cooling supply that can be counted as renewable. The [formula image: L_2022139EN.01000802.tif] increases with increasing SPF_p values. The SPF_p is defined as described in Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 206/2012, except that the default…
+ 
+ **3.2.Calculation of the share of Seasonal Performance Factor that qualifies as renewable energy –**
+ 
+ **3.3.Calculation of renewable energy quantity for cooling using standard and measured SPFp**
+ 
+ Standardised SPF values are available for electric vapour compression cooling generators and combustion engine vapour compression cooling generator due to the Ecodesign requirements in Regulation (EU) No 206/2012 and (EU) No 2016/2281. Values are available for these cooling generators up to 2 MW for…
+ 
+ **Standard and measured SPF**
+ 
+ SPF values are expressed in terms of primary energy efficiency calculated using primary energy factors following Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 to determine the space cooling efficiency for the different types of cooling generators. The primary energy factor in Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 shall be calculat…
+ 
+ **Definition of standard SPF values**
+ 
+ - For space cooling:[formula image: L_2022139EN.01000901.tif] For space cooling:[formula image: L_2022139EN.01000901.tif]
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+ - For process cooling:[formula image: L_2022139EN.01000902.tif] For process cooling:[formula image: L_2022139EN.01000902.tif]
+ 
+ - SEER and SEPR are seasonal performance factors (SEER stands for ‘Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio’, SEPR stands for ‘Seasonal Energy Performance Ratio’) in final energy defined according to Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 and Regulation (EU) No 206/2012; SEER and SEPR are seasonal performance factors (S…
+ 
+ - η is the average ratio of total gross production of electricity to the primary energy consumption for electricity production in the EU (η = 0.475 and 1/η = 2.1). η is the average ratio of total gross production of electricity to the primary energy consumption for electricity production in the EU (…
+ 
+ For defining the SPF of the cooling generator, the SPF boundary conditions defined in Regulation (EU) No 2281/2016 and in Regulation (EU) No 206/2012 shall be used. In the case of water-to-air and water-to-water cooling generators, the energy input required to make the cold source available is inclu…
+ 
+ **SPF boundary conditions**
+ 
+ A simplified method may be used for individual cooling systems of less than 1.5 MW capacity, for which a standard SPF value is available, to estimate the total cooling energy supplied.Under the simplified method, the cooling energy supplied by the cooling system (Q_Csupply) is the nominal cooling ca…
+ 
+ **3.4.Calculation using standard values**
+ 
+ - for space cooling in the residential sector: EFLH = 96 + 0.85 * CDD for space cooling in the residential sector: EFLH = 96 + 0.85 * CDD
+ 
+ - for space cooling in the tertiary sector: EFLH = 475 + 0.49 * CDD for space cooling in the tertiary sector: EFLH = 475 + 0.49 * CDD
+ 
+ - for process cooling: EFLH = τ_s * (7300 + 0.32 * CDD) for process cooling: EFLH = τ_s * (7300 + 0.32 * CDD)
+ 
+ Systems for which no standard values exist, as well as cooling systems larger than 1.5 MW capacity and district cooling systems**,** shall calculate their renewable cooling based on the following measurements:*Measured energy input:* The measured energy input includes all energy sources for the cool…
+ 
+ **3.4.1.Calculation using measured values**
+ 
+ For district cooling systems the net cooling supply at customer level shall be accounted when defining the net cooling supply, denoted as *Q_C_Supply_net* Thermal losses occurring in the distribution network (*Q_c_LOSS*) shall be deducted from the gross cooling supply (*Q_c_Supply_gross*) as follows…
+ 
+ **3.4.2.District cooling: additional requirements**
+ 
+ District cooling systems can be divided in subsystems, which comprise at least one cooling generator or free cooling system. This requires the measurement of the cooling energy supply and of the energy input for each sub-system as well as the allocation of cold losses per sub-system as follows:[form…
+ 
+ **3.4.2.1.Division in subsystems**
+ 
+ When dividing a cooling system into subsystems, the auxiliaries (e.g. controls, pumps and fans) of the cooling generator(s) and/or free cooling system(s) shall be included in the same subsystem(s). Auxiliary energy corresponding to cooling distribution inside the building, e.g. secondary pumps and t…
+ 
+ **3.4.2.2.Auxiliaries**
+ 
+ For the calculation of the overall renewable energy shares, the renewable energy quantity for cooling shall be added both to the numerator ‘gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources’ and to the denominator ‘gross final consumption of energy’.For the calculation of the heating and cool…
+ 
+ **3.5.Calculation of renewable energy quantity for cooling for the overall renewable shares and for the heating and cooling renewable energy shares**
+ 
+ It is envisaged and encouraged that Member States do their own estimations for both SPF and EFLH. Any such national/regional approaches should be based on accurate assumptions, representative samples of sufficient size, resulting in a significantly improved estimate of renewable energy compared to t…
− The amount of aerothermal, geothermal or hydrothermal energy captured by heat pumps to be considered to be energy from renewable sources for the purposes of this Directive, E_RES, shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:E_RES = Q_usable * (1 – 1/SPF)where—Q_usablethe estimated t…
+ **3.6.Guidance on the development of more accurate methodologies and calculations**
− **ACCOUNTING OF ENERGY FROM HEAT PUMPS**